Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2012 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
A lot of efforts have been directed to enriching human-computer interaction to make the user experiencemore pleasing or efficient.\r\nIn this paper, we briefly present work in the fields of subliminal perception and affective computing, before we outline a new\r\napproach to add analog communication channels to the human-computer interaction experience. In this approach, in addition\r\nto symbolic predefined mappings of input to output, a subliminal feedback loop is used that provides feedback in evolutionary\r\nsubliminal steps. In two studies involving concentration-intensive games, we investigated the impact of this approach. In a first\r\nstudy evolutionary feedback loops adjusted the user interface of a memory game whereas in the second study the lighting of the\r\ntest room was adjusted dynamically. The results show that in settings with an evolutionary feedback loop test participants were\r\nable to reach significantly higher scores compared to the static counterparts. Finally, we discuss the impact that such subliminally\r\nworking applications might have on the user�s acceptance....
The increasing amount of NFC phones is attracting application developers to utilize NFC functionality.We can hence soon expect\r\na large amount of mobile applications that users command by touching NFC tags in their environment with their NFC phones.\r\nThe communication technology and the data formats have been standardized by the NFC Forum, but there are no conventions\r\nfor advertising to the users NFC tags and the functionality touching the tags triggers. Only individual graphical symbols have been\r\nsuggested when guidelines for advertising a rich variety of functionality are called for. In this paper, we identify the main challenges\r\nand present our proposal, a set of design guidelines based on more than twenty application prototypes we have built. We hope to\r\ninitiate discussion and research resulting in uniform user interfaces for NFC-based services....
We present an intention estimator algorithm that can deal with dynamic change of the environment in a man-machine system\r\nand will be able to be utilized for an autarkical human-assisting system. In the algorithm, state transition relation of intentions\r\nis formed using a self-organizing map (SOM) from the measured data of the operation and environmental variables with the\r\nreference intention sequence. The operational intention modes are identified by stochastic computation using a Bayesian particle\r\nfilter with the trained SOM. This method enables to omit the troublesome process to specify types of information which should be\r\nused to build the estimator. Applying the proposed method to the remote operation task, the estimatorââ?¬â?¢s behavior was analyzed,\r\nthe pros and cons of the method were investigated, and ways for the improvement were discussed. As a result, it was confirmed\r\nthat the estimator can identify the intention modes at 44ââ?¬â??94 percent concordance ratios against normal intention modes whose\r\nperiods can be found by about 70 percent of members of human analysts. On the other hand, it was found that human analystsââ?¬â?¢\r\ndiscrimination which was used as canonical data for validation differed depending on difference of intention modes. Specifically,\r\nan investigation of intentions pattern discriminated by eight analysts showed that the estimator could not identify the same modes\r\nthat human analysts could not discriminate. And, in the analysis of themultiple different intentions, it was found that the estimator\r\ncould identify the same type of intention modes to human-discriminated ones as well as 62ââ?¬â??73 percent when the first and second\r\ndominant intention modes were considered....
Manual segmentation of structures for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases is a very time-consuming procedure. Therefore,\r\nsome level of automation during the segmentation is desired, as it often significantly reduces the segmentation time. A typical\r\nsolution is to allow manual interaction to steer the segmentation process, which is known as semiautomatic segmentation. In\r\n2D, such interaction is usually achieved with click-and-drag operations, but in 3D a more sophisticated interface is called for. In\r\nthis paper, we propose a semi-automatic Active Contour Modelling for the delineation of medical structures in 3D, tomographic\r\nimages. Interaction is implemented with the employment of a 3D haptic device, which is used to steer the contour deformation\r\ntowards the correct boundaries. In this way, valuable haptic feedback is provided about the 3D surface and its deformation.\r\nExperiments on simulated and real tracheal CT data showed that the proposed technique is an intuitive and effective segmentation\r\nmechanism....
The control theory of driving suggests that driver distraction can be analyzed as a breakdown of control at three levels. Common\r\napproach for analyzing distraction experimentally is to utilize capacity-based measures to assess distraction at the level of\r\noperational control. Three driving simulation experiments with 61 participants were organized to evaluate which kind of measures\r\ncould be used to analyze drivers� tactical visual sampling models and the related effects of distraction while searching textual\r\ninformation on in-car display. The effects of two different text types were evaluated. The utilized capacity-based measures seemed\r\nto be insufficient for revealing participants� tactical behaviors or effects of text type. The measures of workload or performance\r\ndid not indicate reliably the differences found between participants� visual sampling strategies or which text type is better for\r\nenabling safer task timing behaviors. Visual sampling measures did indicate effects of text type on participants� tactical abilities.\r\nDifferences in participants� visual sampling strategies leading to different levels of systematicity in visual behaviors can explain the\r\nvariances in visual sampling efficiency. Displays encouraging unsystematic glance allocation behaviors were found potentially the\r\nmost distracting in relation to safe visual sampling of in-vehicle displays....
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